The company claims to be India’s first and leading depository, with the largest market share in terms of demat settlement value, number of issuers, and value of assets under custody as of FY25. It claims to have introduced direct dematerialisation in India, bypassing the traditional two-step model.
The company operates a centralised digital system that allows investors to hold and transfer their securities electronically. The company further states that this setup enables efficient and cost-effective settlement of transactions.
By utilising its tech infrastructure, the company claims to have expanded its offerings to meet the evolving needs of the Indian securities market. The company has introduced several digital products, services, and additional features, both directly and through its subsidiaries — NSDL Database Management Limited (NDML) and NSDL Payments Bank Limited (NPBL).
As of FY25, the depository claims to have maintained a wide network of 65,391 service centres operated by depository participants (DPs).
As of FY25, the company stated that there were more than 39.45 million active Demat accounts managed through 294 registered DPs. These account holders were spread across over 99.34 percent of India's pin codes and in 194 countries globally.
As of FY25, the company claims to have serviced 67.90 percent of the total value of equity, debt, and other securities held in dematerialised form by foreign portfolio investors in India.
The company claims to have a dedicated security operations centre (SOC) to handle cybersecurity threats. This facility operates 24/7 and is staffed by security experts responsible for monitoring, detecting, and responding to cyber incidents in real-time.
The company claims to use the MITRE adversarial tactics, techniques, and common knowledge (ATT&CK) framework, a structured model for analysing cyber threats across different stages of an attack. Furthermore, the company claims to have received Payment Card Industry – Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) certification to ensure the secure handling of payment card transactions.
The company claims to provide transaction-related alerts of demat accounts via SMS (TRADeS) service, which notifies clients of activities in their depository accounts to enhance security and risk awareness. As of FY25, 37.99 million investors were registered for this service.
Over the years, the company has registered a consistent increase in its revenue from operations and profit after tax (PAT). Revenue from operations increased from Rs 1,021.99 crore in FY23 to Rs 1,268.24 crore in FY24 and Rs 1,420.14 crore in FY25. PAT increased from Rs 234.81 crore in FY23 to Rs 275.44 crore in FY24 and Rs 343.12 crore in FY25.
The company derives a significant portion of its revenue from depository services. They accounted for Rs 618.60 crore (43.56 percent) of the company’s revenue in FY25, Rs 473.03 crore (37.30 percent) in FY24, and Rs 409.15 crore (40.03 percent) in FY23. A decline in investor interest in securities trading and investment could lower demand for these services and adversely impact the company’s financial performance.
A significant part of the company’s business is transaction-based, particularly delivery-based, and depends on trading volumes in the securities market. Transaction fees accounted for Rs 424.96 crore (29.92 percent) of the company’s total revenue in FY25, Rs 308.63 crore (24.34 percent) in FY24, and Rs 255.38 crore (24.99 percent) in FY23. Any adverse external factors, such as global economic changes, could reduce market activity and negatively affect the company’s financial condition.
A significant portion of the company’s revenue is attributable to its subsidiary, NSDL Payments Bank Limited (NPBL). It accounted for Rs 719.93 crore (50.69 percent) of the company’s total revenue in FY25, Rs 719.24 crore (56.71 percent) in FY24, and Rs 540.78 crore (52.92 percent) in FY23. Any adverse developments in this subsidiary, including failure to scale or compete effectively, could materially impact the company’s consolidated business and financial results.
The top five depository participants accounted for Rs 76.38 crore (12.35 percent) of the company’s total revenue in FY25, Rs 64.27 crore (13.59 percent) in FY24, and Rs 55.85 crore (13.65 percent) in FY23. Any inability to maintain or expand this network could adversely affect the company’s operations and finances.
The company recorded negative cash flows from investing activities amounting to Rs 502.32 crore in FY25, Rs 177.56 crore in FY24, and Rs 441.70 crore in FY23. Additionally, negative cash flow from financing activity amounted to Rs 16.38 crore in FY25, Rs 20.00 crore in FY24, and Rs 20.00 crore in FY23. The company also reported a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents amounting to Rs 84.68 crore in FY24. If cash outflows continue to exceed inflows, the company may face liquidity challenges in the future.
As of FY25, the company had total trade receivables amounting to Rs 187.95 crore, a slight increase from Rs 121.15 crore in FY24 and Rs 111.65 crore in FY23. Any failure to collect these receivables on time or at all can negatively impact the business and its financial condition.
As of FY25, the company had contingent liabilities amounting to Rs 125.27 crore. If any of these contingent liabilities materialise, it could harm the company’s financial performance.
The company bears the risk of potential losses from investment defaults, including both principal and interest. Since its investment portfolio is concentrated within India, any adverse developments in the domestic economy or debt markets could negatively impact the company’s operations and lead to major financial setbacks.
The company, its directors, and its subsidiaries are involved in certain legal proceedings, including criminal and tax-related disputes. Any adverse judgments in any of the cases can be detrimental to the company’s business prospects.
As a depository, the company is exposed to the risk of issuers failing to fulfil their financial commitments. As of FY25, outstanding annual custody fees from issuers amounted to Rs 61.96 crore, a sharp increase from Rs 46.17 crore in FY24 and Rs 31.90 crore in FY23. Any failure to obtain these dues could adversely affect the company’s financial health