Freelancers And Taxes : Know How You Can Benefit From Presumptive Tax Scheme

Can Freelancers Claim Expenses?

Expenses are an inevitable part, be it under a business or a profession. According to the income tax rules, personal expenses are not deductible. Freelancers are no different.

Enlisted are some essential conditions for a freelancer in India to meet regarding expenses-

• While working as a freelancer, you can only deduct expenses incurred while carrying out your work.
  
  
• Expenses incurred by a freelancer personally are not allowed. An expense incurred both for personal and official work will only be deducted to the extent it was used for official work.
  
  
• Every deduction must be accompanied by a receipt.
  
  
• The expenses must have been incurred during the relevant financial year.

As per the Income Tax Rules, the following expenses are allowed:

• Expenses for office supplies like stationery, phones, and the internet
• Expenses associated with the repair or maintenance of property or assets
• Rent paid on property used for freelance work
• Travel expenses for assignments, whether within or outside India
• Amounts paid for lunch and entertainment during the assignment
• Other freelancer consultation costs
• Costs associated with depreciation of assets used on the job
• Costs of taxes and insurance

Understand this with an example

Maya is a freelance designer who works for many companies. Her main expenses include the small office she rents, phone, and internet. She uses 2 phones, one for official purposes and the other for personal use. Additionally, she owns a car as well. However, she only travels by cab when meeting with clients. In such a scenario, what expenses will be deductible?

According to the rules applicable to freelancers under the income tax act, the following expenses apply- Work phone charges, internet charges, rent for office space, and taxi fares. Deductions will not be available for car or personal phone expenses.

You may also want to know How to File ITR for Freelancer

Tax Deductions Applicable to Freelancers

• Under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, all such individuals who are working as freelancers can claim a deduction up to Rs. 1,50,000 per year.
  
  
• A freelancer can claim deductions under various tax-saving schemes, including 80D (premiums for health insurance), 80E (education loans), and 80G (donations to charities), etc.
  
  
• Clients often deduct TDS from the sum of the amount paid to freelancers. But a freelancer can claim this deducted TDS while filing their income tax returns.

Is Advance Tax Applicable to Freelancers?

• The rules for income tax for freelancers in India stipulate that if a freelancer’s total tax liability as per the slab rate exceeds Rs. 10,000 for a financial year, then he must pay a tax amount every quarter. This sum paid is known as Advance tax.
  
  
• The total tax payable is calculated after adding the receipts, income in a savings account, and property income and deducting the freelance expenses, including TDS.
  
  
• If advance tax payments are not made on time, penalties under section 234B and section 234C of the Income Tax Act can be levied.

The relevant dates for advance tax are-

How to Pay Advance Tax?

You can pay the advance tax in 2 ways-

• You can pay it online via the IT Department’s website
  
  
• You can fill out a paper challan and deposit the tax by physically paying a visit to your bank.

Are Freelancers Required to File Income Tax Returns?

A freelancer needs to file relevant tax returns just like how other income tax assessees do. Tax filing for freelancers in India can be done with the enlisted steps-

Step 1 – Determine the gross income from April 1st through March 31st of the current financial year. Note loans are not considered as an income.

Step 2 – Calculate all the expenses associated with your freelance business, as they will be eligible for deductions.

Step 3 – ITR-3, the income under the Head of Business and Profession, and ITR-4, if the freelancer applies for presumptive taxation, apply to freelancers under the income tax rules.

Step 4 – When it comes to freelance income tax, freelancers are supposed to provide every detail in the ITR, mentioning their income, expenses, deductions, and advance tax paid.

Step 5 – If a freelancer earns more than Rs. 1 crore, their books will be liable for an audit. Also, ITR will be required to be filed by 30th September. However, in the absence of an audit, the freelancer can file the ITR until the 31st of July.

What are Presumptive Income and Presumptive Tax?

• Presumptive Income

Section 44AD draws the rules associated with presumptive taxation for businesses. According to the section, if your turnover is not more than Rs. 2 crore, then you are eligible for the scheme.

Yet, you will be required to report 8% income if there are any non-digital transactions and 6% income if all the transactions made are in digital mode.

• Presumptive Tax

The rules and provisions for computing gains from the profession on a presumptive basis are provided under Section 44ADA. According to the section, a sum equal to or higher than 50% of the total gross receipts shall be deemed to be the gain from such profession under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession”.

This means if a person offers professional services and has gross receipts less than or equal to Rs. 50 lakhs, then Section 44ADA is for that person. According to the section, the freelancer has to offer a minimum of at least 50% of his gross receipts as profit. It will be the amount on which tax shall be levied. In simple words, we can say that out of your gross receipts, the government will consider 50% as profit and 50% as expenses.

How Does Presumptive Taxation Work?

By using Section 44ADA, freelancers can reduce their freelance income by 50% and pay tax only on half of that amount. The only condition is that the freelancer’s income should not exceed Rs. 50 lakhs in a financial year.

For freelancers opting for this scheme, they can declare 50% of their gross income receipts in the ITR form 4S. Nonetheless, freelancers should determine which taxation system is the best for their particular situation by properly assessing their expenses.

Understand what is presumptive tax with an example – 

Amit is a successful freelancer in finance who earned ₹40 lakh in fiscal 2019. ₹40 lakh is a sizeable amount of money that could attract hefty taxation. Thus, using the benefit of presumptive tax, the taxable income of Amit becomes –

Taxable income = ₹40 lakh / 2

  = ₹20 lakh

Without the presumptive taxation scheme, the taxable income would come only to ₹30 lakh because maximum work-related deductions (including travel expenses, meeting expenses, and communication expenses) could be ₹10 lakh. This would attract a higher tax.

Given the tax bracket would be 30%, nearly ₹3-4 Lakhs can be saved under the presumptive tax method.

Who can Apply for Presumptive Taxation?

The specified professionals who render their services in Architecture, Legal, Medical, Accountancy, Artists, Interior Decoration, Engineering, Technical Consultancy, Company Secretary, Information Technology, etc., can opt for a presumptive taxation scheme only if their gross receipts do not exceed Rs. 50 lacs in the previous year.

What Happens If Your Deductions And Expenses For Conducting Business Are Higher Than Half Of The Gross Income?

Let us take Amit’s case into consideration again. If the work-related expenses are more than ₹20 lakh, the taxable income starts to reduce below the halfway mark (as under the presumptive tax scheme). Thus, in this situation, you should opt for the presumptive taxation scheme and pay the tax on the lower taxable income. However, in this mode, your books of account will be liable for an audit.

Which ITR To File?

ITR 3 or ITR 4 will be applied to a freelancer as the income earned while working as the same will be considered as income from a business or profession. All such professionals who opt for the presumptive taxation scheme can declare 50 % of their gross receipts as their income by filing ITR-4.

Simply put, given the number of cases where expenses associated with work are higher or low, it is advisable to adapt to the presumptive taxation scheme.

Final Thoughts

In the prevailing scenario, many people are earning their living through freelancing. Thus, it is necessary to know how and why freelancers need to pay tax in India. For additional financial advice, consult a chartered accountant or a financial advisor for clarifications.

Disclaimer: This blog is solely for educational purposes. The securities/investments quoted here are not recommendatory.